A photonic device is any device that generates, manipulates, transmits, or detects light (photons)—rather than using electrons, as in traditional electronics.
photonic device is a component or system that works by using light (optical energy) to perform a function like communication, sensing, computing, or imaging.
Examples of Photonic Devices:
| Device | What It Does | Example Use |
|---|---|---|
| Laser Diode | Emits a narrow beam of light | Optical fiber internet, laser pointers |
| photodetector (Photodiode) | Converts light into electricity | Cameras, solar cells, optical sensors |
| LED (Light-Emitting Diode) | Converts electricity into light | Displays, lighting |
| Optical Fiber | Transmits light signals over long distances | Internet cables, medical imaging |
| Waveguide | Channels light on a chip | Photonic circuits, sensors |
| Modulator | Controls light signals | Data encoding in fiber optics |
| Photonic Integrated Circuit (PIC) | Combines multiple photonic components on a chip | Optical computing, data centers |
How They Work (Basics)
Photonic devices rely on:
- Light-matter interaction (like absorption, emission, or reflection)
- Semiconductors or special optical materials
- Wavelength control (e.g., infrared, visible light)
Where Photonic Devices Are Used
Science & Technology
- Laser microscopy
- Quantum optics
Communication
- Fiber-optic internet (light-based data transfer)
- 5G and future 6G systems
Computing
- Optical computing (faster and more energy-efficient than electronic circuits)
- AI accelerators using photonics
Sensing
- LiDAR (used in self-driving cars)
- Medical imaging (OCT)
Benefits of Photonic Devices
- Extremely fast (speed of light)
- Low energy loss over long distances
- Immune to electromagnetic interference
- Crucial for next-gen computing and quantum technologies
